you will have to define the boundries of the economy you speak of
take walmart who controls the supply chain from the farmer, to the packer to the frozen food display, they can earn a profit by sqeezing every dime out of the labor of the people in between because they own all of the other pieces. That is their strength, if a walmart store is profitable is it productive?

Your question doesnt have a binary answer because of the scale of what you are measuring isnt clearly defined

example during the dot com craze where financiers and stock investors oversubscribed the market 100-1000 times the actual value if any of the companies behind the stock, where those companies productive? Right until they shut the door they were. Were they valued correctly? No fucking way, just like google today.

The profit that one man gains in finance is the bet minus the cost against another player in the trade with an opposite bet. People bet up huge pots by borrowing against what they had already won and it wasnt until the first guy who couldnt back his call that everyone tried to cash in at once. It doesnt work that way in a card room where everyone bets using borrowed money and it doesnt work on wall street either.
thanx,
bill