Also known as "electronic engine control system", or something similar-sounding.
It controls the electronic fuel injection and the ignition -- basically, it runs the injection pump / injectors, and tells them, "*Now* it's time to inject *this* much fuel into *that* cylinder"; and the ignition coil / diodes-triodes-whatever-it-is-they-use-in-stead-of-breakers-these-days, telling them "*Now* it is time to spark the plug in *that* cylinder". (Lately, these control systems / computers also control many automatic transmissions, and it is probable that they will control ever more functions of the car -- power steering, ABS brakes, etc -- in the future.) Anyway, to know what to tell the engine to at any given moment, it has to know what the engine is doing at every instant; mainly, in what position the pistons / crankshaft / camshaft(s) are. They're all physically connected together, so once you know the position of one, you also know the position of the others; so it doesn't really matter *which* of these you have a sensor for.
*That*, I'm fairly sure, is the "computer in the car" that you saw mentioned. (If not, it damn well *should* have meant that. :-)
And yes, these things have became ever more common from, say, the mid-to-late eighties; nowadays, it's exceedingly rare to find a car *without* one. (A new car, that is -- your old one almost certainly doesn't have one! :-) So, yes, a 1999 Chrysler almost certainly has "a computer", in this sense.
HTH!