There are four basic cases.
The first is that the resulting work as a whole is a unit, in which case you can make it a library and distribute the whole thing as LGPL - requires distributing source publically.
The second is that you choose to use the GPL exemption - requires distributing source publically.
The third is that you can go for the exemption in section 5 by letting the user link the two - which they did not choose to do (they shipped it linked).
The fourth is that you can do what they did and make it available under terms of your choosing so long as those terms meet certain restrictions. Those restrictions include that you have to provide any data and utility programs needed for customers to reproduce your executable for themselves, and you need to allow modification of the work for the customer's use. You do not have to allow public redistribution by the customer though.
In the 3 of the four cases that are consistent with what they did (shipped the work linked to the library), you have to provide source. In real life people just dynamically link and avoid the issue.
Cheers,
Ben