It should take years to MASTER.
But it should take less than a few months before you become (very) effective with it (particularly against someone who is untrained). (Think OJ Simpson for a second)
But the base problem with a knife is that it is (*) a melee weapon rather than a range weapon...you have to be close to your opponent.
Anyone with a range weapon had the possibility to kill you before you close with them.
(*) Throwing knives aside.