From a little story in the February 27 issue of Autoweek.
Bruce Crower, of [link|http://www.crower.com/|Crower], has patented a 6-stroke engine. The other two strokes remove heat from the cylinder by water injection, and the steam pushes the piston down. It's a neat idea (e.g., less waste heat lost to the cooling system), but I wonder about reliability (e.g. corrosion and oil dilution). Also, efficiency is lost by having to heat up the cylinder and piston again (the [link|http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/thermo/design-library/otto/otto.html|Otto cycle efficiency] is maximum for high temperatures, pressures and compression ratios). Whether or not the temperature change is less than in a 4-cycle, I can't say.
He's built a 1-cylinder prototype, but has no data to back up his expectations that full-size versions will consume 40% less fuel and have lower emissions than 4-cycle engines. He's also working on a diesel version.
Unfortunately, nothing about it shows up in my search at the [link|http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=crower&FIELD1=&co1=AND&TERM2=&FIELD2=&d=ptxt|USPTO], nor in a search of [link|http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=crower&FIELD1=&co1=AND&TERM2=&FIELD2=&d=PG01|Patent Applications].
FWIW.
[edit:] An online Autoweek article by Pete Lyons on it is [link|http://autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060224/FREE/60222004&SearchID=73236844454521|here]. It's longer than the few paragraphs in the magazine. It mentions a certain Jim Rathmann as well. Hmmm... :-)
Cheers,
Scott.