QAD research on differences between Shia & Sunni
Did some QAD research. A bit confusing but it may help.
Doug Marker
The Shia follow what is known as Ahlul-Bayt which is a chosen group of Mohammads relatives (I think it was actually a key disciple called Ali, one of Mahommad's important disciples who was murdered ?).
The Sunni follow the teachings (Sunnah) of Mohammad.
This would mean that it was Sunni followers who did the ambush & murder of the leaders of the group who call them selves Shi'ites.
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[link|http://home.swipnet.se/islam/shia-origin.htm|Origins of the Shia]
If you refer to the famous dictionaries "an-Nihayah" and "Lisan ul-'Arab", you will find the meaning of "shi'a" as "one who loves and follows 'Ali (a.s.) and his descendants." ('Ali ibn Abi Talib').
The following traditions may be cited as examples.
"'Ali (a.s.) bears the same relationship to me as Harun (Aaron) had to Musa (Moses)".
"Oh 'Ali, only those with faith (iman) are your friends, and only the hypocrites (munafiqin) are your enemies."
"Oh people of my ummah. I leave behind two things worthy of great esteem - the Book of God and my progeny, my Ahlu 'l-bayt."
"According to the tradition of at-Tayr, the prophet made the following prayer: "Oh God. Send to me your most beloved slave", and immediately Ali entered his presence.
"Tomorrow I will give this standard to the man who loves God and His Prophet (s.a.w.) and whom God and His Prophet (s.a.w.) also love."
"'Ali is with the Truth and the Truth is with 'Ali."
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[link|http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter1a/12.html|below is extracted from this link - a Muslim ref site]
(this item highlights the basis of the religious dispute between Shia and Sunni)
Based on a parallel (Mutawatir) tradition upon whose authenticity all Muslims agree, the Messenger of Allah (AS) informed his followers in several occasions that he would leave them two precious/weighty things and that if Muslims adhere to both of them, they will never go astray after him. They are the Book of Allah (Quran) and the Members of the House of the Prophet (Ahlul-Bayt), peace be upon them all.
(this expands on the difference)
A contributor claimed that there exists a tradition narrated by both Shia and Sunni which reads: "al-Salmanu minna Ahlal-Bayt" and translates to: "Salman (al-Farsi) is one of us, Ahlul-Bayt". This contradicts the Shi'ite doctrine that Ahlul-Bayt are some selected individuals from the progeny of the Prophet (PBUH&HF).
(here is more fine detail)
According to most authentic traditions in collections of both Sunni and Shia, Ahlul-Bayt (People of the House) of the Prophet are one of the two most precious Symbols of Islam after the departure of the Prophet (PBUH&HF). There are numerous traditions in the collection of both schools that the Prophet (PBUH&HF) has reminded us to stick to these two weighty things (al-Thaqalain), namely Quran and Ahlul-Bayt, in order not to go astray after him. The Messenger of Allah also informed us that these two weights are non-separable and are with each other till the day of Judgment. This requires us that for understanding the interpretation of Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) we should refer to those who are attached to it, namely Ahlul-Bayt.
Knowing exactly who Ahlul-Bayt are, thus becomes a very vital matter when one considers the above tradition of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) as well as many other traditions which unequivocally state that adherence to Ahlul-Bayt is the only way of salvation. This clearly implies that the one who follows a wrong set of Ahlul-Bayt (!!), will be led astray.
Considering the critical importance of the subject, it will not be surprising to see that the Shia differ from some Sunnis in this subject. In fact, the Sunnis do not have one voice in specifying the Members of the House the Prophet. Most Sunnis are in the opinion that the Ahlul-Bayt of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) are:
Fatimah al-Zahra (AS) (the daughter of the Messenger of Allah),
Imam Ali (AS),
Imam al-Hasan (AS),
Imam al-Husain (AS),
Wives of the Prophet (PBUH&HF)
Others among the Sunnis further include ALL the descendants of the Prophet to the list! Some other Sunnis are very generous and include all the descendants of Abbas (the Abbasid) as well as the descendants of Aqil & Ja'far (the two brothers of Imam Ali) to the list. It should be noted, however, that there have been some leading Sunni scholars who did NOT consider the wives of the Prophet among Ahlul-Bayt. This happens to be consistent with the Shia point of view.
To the Shia, the Ahlul-Bayt of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) consist of the following individuals ONLY:
Fatimah al-Zahra (AS),
Imam Ali (AS),
Imam al-Hasan (AS),
Imam al-Husain (AS),
Nine descendants of Imam al-Husain (AS).
and including the Prophet (PBUH&HF) himself, they will become fourteen individuals. Of course, at the time of the Holy Prophet only five of them (including the Prophet) were living and the rest were not born yet. The Shia further assert that these fourteen individuals are protected by Allah from any kind of flaws, and thus worthy of being obeyed beside Quran (the other Weighty Symbol), and they are the only people who have the full knowledge of the interpretation of the Quranic verses.
In this discussion, we would like to explain why the Shia exclude the wives of the Prophet from Ahlul-Bayt, and also we will briefly discuss why Ahlul-Bayt are protected/infallible. (More detailed discussion on the infallibility is provided in Chapter 2). We base our proofs on:
1. Quran,
2. Traditions from the authentic Sunni Collections,
3. Historical events.