Fractal
Basically - the idea is that every object is a tiny server. I think this isn't strictly true for objects that represent values - strings and numbers - but if you read the paper, they take the idea that any object can be messaged anywhere. The fractal bit is that most object methods are written in terms of messaging other objects which are also little servers. Scale it up and you have what amounts to ubiquitous networking.
They start with new assumptions including:
1) The world is filled with fat pipes
2) Graphics power is nearly unlimited
Read the paper. Its quite good - especially the appendix by Alan Kay.
