Robert A. Heinlein _If This Goes On_
Published in the omnibus _The Past Through Tomorrow_ and as _Revolt in 2100_
In the novel, Heinlein follows a young West Point graduate as he becomes disillusoned with the govenment of the Prophet - and joins the revolutionary underground spearheaded by the Masons.
In an essay published later, Heinlein said that no one disputed the novel's background - that a repressive 'religous' regime could gain power by the express whishes of the american electorate.