1) What does "NT" mean at the end of a post someone makes (when looking at the list, not the post)

It means 'No Text'. If you make a posting with only a subject line, the red NT indicates to others that there's nothing inside.

2) What does "jump" mean at the end of a post someone makes (same as above), and how do you "jump?" What does it mean?

If you click on the 'jump' link, you go directly to that post.

3) What does right shift mean when people talk about it? Is it literally the posts shifting to the right, when there are too many responses?

Yes. Has nothing to do with politics, but happens a lot in the politics forum!

4) How do you find a post based on it's post number? Is that a bad way to log what posts I might want to respond to later when I don't have time? Is there a way to "find" a post based on number, because it's really hard to look up and down the list and locate the right number, they don't seem to follow a clear order.

That's an excellent way to refer back to posts. All the post URLs follow this convention: http://z.iwethey.org/forums/render/content/show?contentid=XXXX where XXXX= the post number. The post number is simply the sequential number of total posts made, so it's in chronological order throughout the whole site, not within a specific thread or forum.

HTH